Tooj liab
Thaum txhuas cov nplua nuj feem ntawm aluminium alloy yog 548, ntau solubility ntawm tooj liab hauv txhuas yog 5.65%. Thaum qhov kub poob rau 302, lub solubility ntawm tooj liab yog 0.45%. Tooj liab yog ib qho tseem ceeb alloy keeb thiab muaj qee yam kev daws teeb meem zoo li cas. Ib qho ntxiv, cov mell2 precipated los ntawm kev laus muaj qhov pom tseeb kev ua kom muaj zog ntxiv. Cov ntsiab lus tooj liab hauv aluminium alloys feem ntau yog ntawm 2.5% thiab 6.8%, yog li cov ntsiab lus tooj liab ntawm feem ntau duralumin alloys yog nyob rau hauv cov kev sib tw no. Aluminium-tooj liab alloys tuaj yeem muaj cov khoom qab zib, magnesium, manganese, zinc, hlau thiab hlau thiab lwm yam khoom.
Silicon
Thaum cov txhuas nplua nuj ntawm Al-Si Al-Siloy system muaj Eutectic kub ntawm 577, tus solubility utectic ntawm silicon hauv cov kev daws teeb meem yog 1,65%. Txawm hais tias solubility txo qis nrog qhov ntsuas kub txo qis, cov ntaub ntawv feem ntau tsis tuaj yeem txhawb nqa los ntawm kev kho cua sov. Aluminium alloy muaj cov khoom zoo tshaj plaws thiab corrosion tsis kam. Yog tias magnesium thiab silicon tau ntxiv rau txhuas thaum tib lub sijhawm los ua cov txhuas-magy-silicon alloy, muaj zog ntxiv dag zog yog MGSI. Qhov sib piv ntawm cov hlau nplaum rau silicon yog 1.73: 1. Thaum tsim cov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm Al-MG-li alloy, cov ntsiab lus ntawm magnesium thiab silicon tau teeb tsa hauv matrix. Txhawm rau txhim kho lub zog ntawm qee cov al-mg-si alloys, tus nqi tsim nyog ntawm cov tooj liab ntxiv, thiab cov nyiaj tsim nyog ntawm cov kev tsis zoo ntawm tooj liab ntawm corrosion resistance.
Solubility solubility ntawm mg2Si hauv txhuas nyob rau hauv Aluminium-nplua nuj feem ntawm kev sib txig theem ntawm al-mg2Si alloy system yog 1.85%, thiab cov deceleration yog me me raws li qhov ntsuas kub me me. Hauv deformed txhuas alloys, ntxiv rau ntawm silicon ib leeg mus txhuas yog txwv rau cov khoom siv vuam, thiab ntxiv rau txhuas kuj muaj qee yam ntxiv dag zog.
Hlau paus
Txawm hais tias solubility nkhaus qhia tau hais tias solubility ntawm magnesium heev txo qis dua li qhov ntsuas kub me me tsis tshua muaj alloys tsawg dua 6%. Cov lus silicon tseem tsawg. Hom ntawm Alloy tsis tuaj yeem txhawb nqa los ntawm kev kho cua sov, tab sis muaj cov weldability zoo, zoo corrosion tsis kam, thiab nruab nrab lub zog. Lub ntxiv dag zog ntawm txhuas los ntawm cov hlau nplaum yog pom tseeb. Rau txhua 1% nce hauv magnesium, lub tensile lub zog nce los ntawm kwv yees li 34mpa. Yog tias tsawg dua 1% ntxiv tau ntxiv, cov nyhuv muaj zog yuav tsum ntxiv. Yog li ntawd, ntxiv manganese tuaj yeem txo cov ntsiab lus magnesium thiab txo cov nyiam ntawm cov kub tawg. Tsis tas li ntawd, manganese tseem tuaj yeem tuaj yeem ua ke nag los kuj tseem ua rau muaj kev sib txuas, txhim kho corrosion tsis kam thiab vuam ua tau zoo.
Tus kws dai txiv manganese
Thaum lub eutectic kub ntawm lub tiaj tus sib npaug theem sib npaug theem ntawm al-MN solubility ntawm manganese hauv kev daws teeb meem yog 1.82%. Lub zog ntawm lub alloy nce nrog kev nce hauv solubility. Thaum cov ntsiab lus manganese yog 0.8%, lub elongation mus txog tus nqi siab tshaj plaws. Al-Mn Alloy yog qhov tsis muaj hnub nyoog tsis muaj zog, uas yog nws tsis tuaj yeem siv zog los ntawm kev kho cua sov. Manganese tuaj yeem tiv thaiv cov txheej txheem recrystall Lub tshuab ua kom zoo nkauj ntawm cov nplej recrystallized yog feem ntau vim yog qhov tseeb tias cov khoom tawg ntawm Mnal6 cov tebchaw tabkaum kev loj hlob ntawm cov nplej recrystallized. Lwm qhov haujlwm ntawm MNAL6 yog kom yaj cov hlau impurity hlau los ua (fe, mn) al6, txo cov phom sij ntawm cov hlau. Manganese yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv aluminium alloys. Nws tuaj yeem muab ntxiv ib leeg los ua al-mn binary alloy. Ntau zaus, nws yog ntxiv ua ke nrog lwm cov khoom siv alloy. Yog li ntawd, feem ntau aluminium alloys muaj manganese.
Tooj dawb
Lub solubility ntawm zinc hauv txhuas yog 31.6% ntawm kev sib npaug ntawm Al-Zn Allots cov txheej txheem rau 55. Ntxiv zinc nyob rau hauv Lub zog ntawm cov aluminium alloy nyob rau hauv deformation mob. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, muaj ib tug nyiam rau kev ntxhov siab corrosion cracking, yog li txwv nws daim ntawv thov. Ntxiv Zinc thiab Magnesium rau txhuas nyob rau tib lub sijhawm ua cov peev xwm ntxiv dag zog rau theem mg / ZN2, uas muaj peev xwm tseem ceeb rau lub alloy. Thaum lub Mg / ZN2 cov ntsiab lus tau nce ntawm 0.5% mus rau 0.5% mus rau 12%, lub zog tensile thiab tawm los tau nce ntxiv. Nyob rau hauv SuperHard Aluminium alloys uas cov ntsiab lus magnesium tshaj qhov yuav tsum tau muaj los ua Magnesium yog tswj hwm ntawm 2.7, qhov kev ntxhov siab corrosion tsis kam yog qhov loj tshaj. Piv txwv li, ntxiv cov tooj liab taw mus rau Al-Zn-MG hom ntawv al-zn-mg-cu alloy. Lub hauv paus zuj zus nyhuv yog qhov loj tshaj plaws ntawm txhua txhuas alloys. Nws tseem yog ib qho tseem ceeb txhuas alloy cov khoom nyob rau hauv aerospace, kev lag luam aviation, thiab kev lag luam hluav taws xob.
Hlau thiab silicon
Hlau ntxiv rau cov khoom siv alloy hauv al-cu-mg-ni-FE txujs alloys. Nyob rau hauv paus aluminium alloys, silicon thiab hlau yog hom impurity element, uas muaj kev cuam tshuam tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom ntawm alloy. Lawv mas muaj nyob ua fecl3 thiab dawb silicon. Thaum silicon loj dua li hlau, β-fesial3 (lossis FE2Si2Al9) theem yog tsim, thiab thaum hlau loj dua li silicon, α-Fe2SiS8 (lossis Fe3Si2al12) yog tsim. Thaum qhov sib piv ntawm cov hlau thiab silicon yog tsis raug, nws yuav ua rau tawg hauv cov nrum. Thaum cov hlau cov ntsiab lus hauv nrum txhuas yog siab dhau, cov casting yuav tawg.
Titanium thiab Boron
Titanium yog ib feem ntau siv cov khoom ntxiv hauv aluminium alloys, ntxiv rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm al-ti lossis al-b tswv alloy. Titanium thiab Aluminium Daim Ntawv Lub Tial2 theem, uas dhau los ua ib lub luag haujlwm tsis muaj txiaj ntsig thaum lub luag haujlwm ntawm kev ua kom zoo dua cov qauv camting thiab cov qauv weld. Thaum Al-Ti alloys yauv mus ua cov khoom siv pob, cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm titanium yog li 0.15%. Yog tias Boron yog tam sim no, qhov qeeb me me yog li 0.01%.
Yeebsab
Chromium yog ib hom kev sib ntxiv hauv al-mg-Si series, al-mg-zn series, thiab al-mg series alloys. Ntawm 600 ° C, lub solubility ntawm chromium hauv txhuas yog 0.8%, thiab nws yog qhov tseem insoluble ntawm chav tsev. Cov ntaub ntawv Chromium cov lus sib xyaw xws li (Crmn) Al12 thiab (CRMN), Nws kuj tseem tuaj yeem txhim kho kev nruj ntawm cov alloy thiab txo qhov kev ua tau zoo rau kev ntxhov siab corrosion.
Txawm li cas los xij, lub xaib nce quenching rhiab heev, ua rau tus anodized zaj duab xis daj. Tus nqi ntawm chromium ntxiv rau aluminium alloys feem ntau tsis tshaj 0.35%, thiab txo qis nrog kev nce ntawm kev hloov pauv hauv cov alloy.
Txoj kev
Strontium yog lub caij saum npoo av uas tuaj yeem hloov tus cwj pwm ntawm intermetallic compound compound crystallographically. Yog li, kev hloov kho nrog lub strontium lub caij tuaj yeem txhim kho cov kev ua haujlwm yas ntawm cov alloy thiab qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom kawg. Vim nws lub sijhawm hloov kho tau ntev, muaj txiaj ntsig zoo thiab rov ua haujlwm, strontium tau hloov cov sodium hauv Al-Si Casting Alloys nyob rau xyoo tas los no. Ntxiv 0.015% ~ 0.03% strontium rau aluminium alloy rau excustom homogenization lub sij hawm los ntawm ingogenization lub sij hawm los ntawm cov khoom siv medogenies thiab cov txheej txheem yas ntawm cov ntaub ntawv; Txhim kho qhov chaw ntawm cov khoom.
Rau high-silicon (10% ~ 13%) deformed txhuas alloys tuaj yeem txo cov khoom muaj tseeb rau qhov tsawg kawg nkaus, thiab cov khoom siv neeg kho tshuab kuj tseem txhim kho. Lub zog tensile бb yog nce ntawm 233Mpa rau 236MPA, thiab cov txiaj ntsig rau 214MPA, thiab ETPA, thiab lub ELongation б5 nce ntawm 9% mus rau 12%. Ntxiv strontium rau hypeutectic al-Si alloy tuaj yeem txo qhov loj me ntawm cov khoom seem, txhim kho yas ua cov khoom, thiab ua kom du kub thiab txias dov.
Zirconium
Zirconium tseem yog ib hom kev sib ntxiv hauv aluminium alloys. Feem ntau, tus nqi ntxiv rau aluminium alloys yog 0.1% ~ 0.3%. Zirconium thiab Aluminium Form Zral3 tebchaw, uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov txheej txheem recrystallization thiab kho cov qoob loo recrystallized. Zirconium kuj tuaj yeem ua kom zoo dua tus qauv nrhav, tab sis cov nyhuv yog me dua li titanium. Lub xub ntiag ntawm zirconium yuav txo cov qoob loo ua kom zoo ua rau cov nyhuv titanium thiab boron. Hauv Al-Zn-CU alloys, txij li zirconium muaj cov khoom siv chirconium me dua li cov chirconium es tsis txhob siv cov chromium thiab manganese los kho cov qauv recrystallized.
Tsis tshua muaj ntiaj teb ntsiab lus
Lub ntiaj teb tsis tshua muaj txiaj ntsig ntxiv rau aluminium alloys kom nce roj av thaum lub sij hawm aluminium casting, rov qab cov roj av thiab suav nrog spherours rau theem. Nws kuj tseem tuaj yeem txo cov npoo npoo ntawm cov melt, ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb ntxiv, thiab pab txhawb kev cuam tshuam rau hauv kev cuam tshuam, uas muaj kev cuam tshuam loj ntawm cov txheej txheem kev ua haujlwm. Nws yog qhov zoo dua rau ntxiv ntau lub ntiaj teb tsawg tsawg hauv 0.1%. Qhov kev sib xyaw ntawm cov av tsis tshua muaj (sib xyaw LA-CE-Pr-nd, thiab lwm yam) kub rau kev tsim cov laus g? Aluminium alloys muaj cov hlau nplaum tuaj yeem txhawb cov metamorphism ntawm kev tsis tshua muaj lub ntiaj teb.
Lam ua
Vanadium cov ntawv nyob rau hauv Alloys Alloys, uas ua lub luag haujlwm hauv kev kho kom zoo nkauj thaum lub luag haujlwm me me, tab sis nws lub luag haujlwm yog me dua li ntawm titanium thiab zirconium. Vanadium kuj muaj cov nyhuv ntawm kev kho kom rov ua kom muaj cov qauv recrystallized thiab nce cov recrystallization kub.
Cov solubility ntawm cov calcium hauv aluminium alloys yog tsawg kawg, thiab nws tsim ib lub caal4 compound nrog txhuas. Cov tshuaj calcium yog lub ntsiab superplastic ntawm aluminium alloys. Ib qho txhuas alloy nrog kwv yees li 5% calcium thiab 5% mandaninal muaj superplasticity. Calcium thiab silicon daim ntawv cas, uas yog insoluble hauv txhuas. Vim tias cov khoom daws tau ntawm silicon yog txo, hluav taws xob cuam tshuam ntawm kev lag luam txhuas tuaj yeem txhim kho me ntsis. Cov tshuaj calcium tuaj yeem txhim kho kev txiav kev ua tau ntawm txhuas alloys. Casi2 tsis tuaj yeem dag zog aluminium alloys los ntawm kev kho cua sov. Cov nqi ntawm cov calcium muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev tshem cov hydrogen los ntawm kev tuav txhuas.
Txhuas, tin, thiab cov khoom noj bismuth tsis muaj melting me me taw cov hlau. Lawv cov solubility hauv txhuas yog me me, uas txo qis dua lub zog ntawm cov alloy, tab sis tuaj yeem txhim kho kev txiav tawm. Bismuth nthuav thaum sandorification, uas tau txais txiaj ntsig rau pub mis. Ntxiv Bismuth rau siab Magnesium alloys tuaj yeem tiv thaiv sodium embrittlement.
Cov tshuaj pleev ib ce tsuas yog siv los ua kev hloov kho hauv cam cov aluminium alloys, thiab tsis tshua siv hauv deformed alloys. Tsuas yog hloov Bismuth hauv Al-MG Exformed Txhuas Alloy kom tiv thaiv sodium embrittlement. Cov khoom siv rau cov niam txiv yog ntxiv rau qee cov al-zn-cg-cu alloys txhawm rau txhim kho kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov xovxwm kub thiab txias nias cov txheej txheem.
Beryllium tuaj yeem txhim kho tus qauv ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab oxide hauv deformed alloys thiab txo qis kev kub hnyiab thiab suav thaum lub sij hawm melting thiab nrum. BerylLine yog lub caij phem uas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev lom zem rau tib neeg. Yog li ntawd, beryllatic tsis tuaj yeem muaj nyob hauv aluminium alloys uas tau nkag mus rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog zaub mov noj thiab dej haus. Cov ntsiab lus berylertium hauv kev siv cov ntaub ntawv vuam feem ntau yog tswj hwm hauv qab 8μg / ml. Txhuas alloys tau siv ua vuam substrates yuav tsum tseem tswj cov ntsiab lus beryllex.
Cov sodium yuav luag tsis muaj qhov zoo nyob rau hauv txhuas, thiab cov solubility ntau dua 0.0025%. Lub ntsiab lus melting ntawm sodium yog tsawg (97.8 ℃), nws yog adsorbed nyob rau hauv alloy, lub sodium ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke ua cov txheej txheem ua kua, ua rau muaj kev sib tsoo, cov tsim ntawm naalsi tebchaw, tsis muaj cov dej qab zib pub dawb, thiab tsis tsim tawm "sodium nkab".
Thaum cov ntsiab lus magnesium ntau dua 2%, magnesium yuav siv tawm silicon thiab precipitates dawb sodium, ua rau "sodium britleness". Yog li ntawd, siab magnesium aluminium alloy tsis pub siv sodium ntsev flux. Cov hau kev los tiv thaiv "sodium embrittlement" uas ua rau cov sodium, uas ua rau muaj kev sib tw ntawm cov nplais, ntxiv rau cov hlau ua ke; Ntxiv cov tshuaj pleev kom muaj zog los ua NA3SB lossis ntxiv cov av tsawg kuj tseem tuaj yeem muaj cov nyhuv tib yam.
Edited los ntawm May Jiang los ntawm Mat Aluminium
Lub sij hawm Post: Lub Yim Hli 08-2024
