Aluminium yog cov hlau ntau tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb crust. Nws yog cov hlau nonferrous nrog cov khoom siv loj tshaj plaws thib ob thiab kev siv hauv ntiaj teb tom qab hlau. Nws muaj qhov ntom ntom ntom, li 1/3 ntawm cov hlau. Txij li cov ntshiab txhuas yog mos thiab tsis muaj zog, yog li ntawd, los ntawm kev ntxiv me me ntawm cov ntsiab lus xws li magnesium, tooj liab, zinc, silicon, thiab lithium rau txhuas, kev ua tau zoo ntawm aluminium alloy zoo dua. Aluminium alloys yog cov feem ntau siv cov khoom siv hlau nonferrous hauv kev lag luam vim lawv cov khoom siv zoo heev thiab kev tiv thaiv corrosion. Lawv tau dav siv nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho, aerospace, tsheb, machinery manufacturing, shipbuilding thiab tshuaj industries.
Aluminium alloys muaj cov khoom zoo heev hauv mechanics thiab chemistry:
① cov tshuab sib txawv, feem ntau pom nyob rau hauv qhov ceev qis, muaj zog, thiab lwm yam ntawm cov hlau, yog li nws yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev siv nyob rau hauv cov liaj teb nrog qhov kev ua kom muaj zog;
② Hais txog cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg, txij li cov txhuas alloy tuaj yeem tsim cov yeeb yaj kiab oxide ntom ntom ntawm nws qhov chaw hauv huab cua, nws tuaj yeem tiv thaiv nws tus kheej los ntawm kev sib sib zog nqus oxidation. Yog li ntawd, nws muaj zoo heev corrosion kuj thiab ib tug ruaj khov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg.
③ Aluminium alloy muaj cov yas zoo thiab tuaj yeem ua tiav rau hauv ntau qhov profile. Nws muaj zoo heev hluav taws xob thiab thermal conductivity. Yog li ntawd, nws yog dav siv nyob rau hauv kev lag luam, thiab nws kev siv yog thib ob tsuas yog steel.
Tam sim no, muaj ntau tshaj 250 txhuas alloys nrog sib txawv compositions nyob rau hauv kev lag luam. Txhawm rau pab txhawb qhov sib txawv, raws li qhov sib txawv ntawm cov hlau sib xyaw, Tuam Tshoj tau txais kev lees paub thoob ntiaj teb plaub tus lej qib kev faib tawm los pab txhawb qhov chaw tsim khoom, cim xeeb thiab kev tswj xyuas kev suav. Aluminium alloys siv hauv kev lag luam tub rog feem ntau suav nrog txhuas-lithium alloys, 2XXX (A1-Cu-Mg) series thiab 7XXX series txhuas alloys.
Kev lag luam xav tau thiab kev txhim kho sib txawv ntawm ntau yam khoom siv aluminium alloy
2XXX series aluminium alloy
2XXX (A1-Cu-Mg) series aluminium alloys muaj zog tensile siab, toughness thiab qaug zog lub zog, zoo tshav kub tsis kam, ua thiab vuam zog, thiab yog dav siv nyob rau hauv aerospace, automotive thiab riam phom industries. Cov qib tseem ceeb yog 2A01, 2A02, 2A06, 2A11, 2A12, thiab lwm yam A series ntawm alloys tau tsim los txhim kho lub zog, toughness matching, thiab puas kam rau ua, xws li 2024, 2124, 2524, 2324 alloys, thiab lwm yam.
Tuam Tshoj cov khoom ua qauv yog tsim nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia ntawm lub teeb yuag, lub neej ntev, muaj kev ntseeg siab thiab tus nqi qis, thiab muaj cov kev xav tau siab rau cov pob txha toughness, tawg propagation kuj thiab corrosion kuj ntawm fuselage daim tawv nqaij cov ntaub ntawv. Raws li 2024-T351 aluminium alloy tuab phaj, txawv teb chaws lub teb chaws tau tsim 2324, 2624 thiab lwm yam kev puas siab puas ntsws kam rau ua txhuas alloys rau sab tis nto nrog sib txawv zog, toughness, qaug zog thiab corrosion kuj, thiab tau tiav installation thiab daim ntawv thov. Tuam Tshoj tab tom tsim kev puas tsuaj siab rau 2XXX series txhuas alloys. Nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, composite microalloying yuav yog ib qho tseem ceeb txoj kev loj hlob kev taw qhia rau Al-Cu-Mg series high-strength aluminium alloys.
4XXX series aluminium alloy
Tam sim no, eutectic thiab hypoeutectic Al-Si alloys yog siv rau tsheb pistons hauv Suav teb. Txawm li cas los xij, nrog kev txhim kho txuas ntxiv ntawm cov kev xav tau ntawm lub cav, nws yog qhov nyuaj kom ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua. Hypereutectic Al-Si alloy muaj qhov ntom ntom, me me linear expansion coefficient, siab dua hnav tsis kam thiab ntim ruaj khov, thiab yog cov khoom siv zoo tshaj plaws piston piv nrog eutectic Al-Si alloys. Hypereutectic Al-Si alloy pistons tau loj-tsim tawm txawv teb chaws thiab siv rau cov tsheb thauj khoom thiab tsheb, xws li A390 alloy hauv Tebchaws Meskas, AC9A thiab AC8A (ZL109) alloys hauv Nyiv, thiab A390 alloy hauv Australia. Txawm li cas los xij, tam sim no muaj ob peb lub tuam txhab nyob hauv Suav teb uas tsim cov khoom lag luam hypereutectic Al-Si alloy pistons, thiab lawv feem ntau cia siab rau kev xa khoom. Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj qhov sib txawv loj ntawm automotive turbocharger aluminium alloy cov ntaub ntawv thiab txawv teb chaws. High-performance automotive turbocharger aluminium alloy cov ntaub ntawv tsuas yog nyob ntawm Nyiv thiab lwm lub teb chaws. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb los tsim cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm lub tsheb aluminium alloy rau kev ua haujlwm siab pistons thiab turbocharger impellers.
5XXX Series Aluminium Alloys
Al-Mg alloys, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog Al-Mg alloys nrog siab Mg cov ntsiab lus, muaj lub zog tshwj xeeb, zoo weldability thiab corrosion kuj, thiab yuav dhau los ua cov ntaub ntawv sib tw heev nyob rau yav tom ntej aerospace, high-speed tsheb ciav hlau, dej hiav txwv thiab lwm yam. Tam sim no, Al-Mg alloy daim hlau, profiles thiab vuam hlau rau aerospace, tsheb ciav hlau, dej hiav txwv thiab lwm yam kev siv tsuas yog cia siab rau imports. Kev lag luam high-end welding hlau yog tsim los ntawm ALCOA hauv Tebchaws Meskas. ER5183 thiab ER5356 alloys tsuas yog tso siab rau kev xa khoom tuaj, thiab cov khoom ntim tuaj yeem suav txog li 70% ntawm lawv qhov muag. Al-Mg alloys rau nkoj feem ntau vam khom rau Russia. Cov pa ingots ntawm alloys nrog siab Mg cov ntsiab lus muaj cov dendrites zoo tsim, eutectic theem sib cais, thiab kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo. Cov txheej txheem kev ua haujlwm tam sim no tseem muaj ntau yam teeb meem, xws li kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo, kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo, cov txheej txheem ntev, tsis ruaj khov, thiab tsis muaj txiaj ntsig. Kev ua kom nrawm nrawm thiab kev tsim tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov nag lossis daus ntawm Mg, thiab tib lub sijhawm tuaj yeem tswj tau kom tau txais cov khoom siv zoo equiaxed thiab nano-precipitated theem, zoo heev txhim kho kev ua tau zoo thiab cov khoom sib xws. Yog li ntawd, txoj kev loj hlob ntawm sub-ceev solidification nruam rheological extrusion thiab dov tshuab rau high-kev ua tau zoo Al-Mg alloys yuav tsum tau raws li qhov kev thov rau high-zoo Al-Mg alloys.
6XXX Series Aluminium Alloys
6XXX series aluminium alloy cov ntaub ntawv yog cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb hauv kev tsheb ciav hlau, tsheb, hluav taws xob, thiab lwm yam. Txij li xyoo 1980s, tsim lub teb chaws thiab cheeb tsam xws li Europe, Tebchaws Asmeskas, thiab Nyij Pooj tau tsim aluminium alloys rau tsheb, cov qhab nia xws li 6009, 6016, 6010, 6112, thiab 60 ua tiav daim ntawv. daim ntawv thov system rau tsheb lub cev vaj huam sib luag, extrusion, forgings, thiab lwm yam. Lub industrialization kev tshawb fawb thiab kev loj hlob ntawm 6XXX series txhuas alloy lub cev panels thiab forgings nyob rau hauv Tuam Tshoj nyuam qhuav pib, thiab muaj ib tug meej qhov sib txawv. Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Lag Luam thiab Cov Ntaub Ntawv Technology ntawm Tuam Tshoj tau npaj siab tias cov tsheb aluminium alloy daim ntawv yuav tsum tau tsim yog: 6016-S, 6016-IH, 6016-IBR, 6A16-S, 6A16-IBR, 6022, thiab lwm yam. Qhov raug 6XXX series txhuas alloy daim ntawv muaj ib qho elongation tsis tshaj 05%. 0.60, 60 d chaw nres tsheb yield zog Rp0.2 ntawm tsis pub tsawg tshaj 140 N / mm2 thiab xim tawv tawv yield zog nce tsis tsawg tshaj 80 N / mm2. Hauv kev teb rau cov kev xav tau sib txawv, kev tsim kho, kev npaj thiab kev siv thev naus laus zis ntawm 6XXX series aluminium alloys tau dhau los ua ib qho kev tsim kho tsis tau.
7XXX Series Aluminium Alloys
7XXX series aluminium alloys muaj kev ntxhov siab zoo corrosion kuj thiab yog cov muaj zog tshaj plaws ntawm txhuas alloys. Lawv tau raug lees paub thoob ntiaj teb tias yog cov ntaub ntawv aviation qaum. Tsis ntev los no, cov teb chaws txawv teb chaws tau tsim 7055 alloy (Al8Zn-2.05Mg-2.3Cu-0.16Zr), uas nws cov txiaj ntsig kev ntxhov siab tshaj 620 MPa hauv lub xeev T77511. Nws yog siv hauv Boeing 777 aircraft thiab txo qhov hnyav los ntawm 635 kg. Tam sim no, Tuam Tshoj tsis muaj txheej txheem alloy tsim thiab kev npaj thiab kev siv tshuab rau 7XXX series aluminium alloys rau aviation, thiab qee cov khoom lag luam yog nyob ntawm kev xa khoom. Vim qhov loj-scale ingots ntawm 7XXX series txhuas alloys nrog ntau cov ntsiab lus alloy, dav solidification ntau, loj casting kev nyuaj siab, thiab yooj yim oxidation/segregation ntawm alloy ntsiab, cov metallurgical zoo ntawm cov ingots yog tsis zoo thiab lub chav tsev kub kev ua tau zoo yog tsawg, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev los tsim tshiab 7XXX series txhuas alloys.
Aluminium-lithium (Al-Li) alloy
Aluminium-lithium alloy yog cov khoom siv nrawm tshaj plaws hauv cov khoom siv dav hlau hauv xyoo tas los no. Nws muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev ceev qis, siab elastic modulus, siab me ntsis siab tawv, thiab kev ua phem ua haujlwm, thiab corrosion tsis kam. Tom qab hloov cov pa aluminium alloys, qhov loj tuaj yeem txo los ntawm 10% ~ 20% thiab qhov tawv tuaj yeem nce los ntawm 15% ~ 20%. Thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 21st, lub tuam txhab Asmeskas ALCOA tau tshaj tawm "ALCOA Aviation 20/20 Plan", nrog lub hom phiaj ntawm kev txo tus nqi thiab qhov hnyav ntawm aviation aluminium alloys los ntawm 20% txhua hauv 20 xyoo. Constellium tau tsim 2050 thiab 2198 txhuas-lithium alloys (Al-Cu-Li-Mg-Ag) nrog tsawg ntom, siab toughness thiab siab ua rau kev puas tsuaj. Muaj tsawg heev Al-Li alloy qib nws tus kheej tsim nyob rau hauv Suav teb, thiab tsuas yog 1420 alloy tau siv. Aluminium-lithium alloy siv nyob rau hauv C919 neeg nrog caij dav hlau yog muab los ntawm Alcoa. Hauv tsev, tsuas yog cov qib qis qis xws li 1420, 2195, 2197, thiab 2A97 tuaj yeem tsim tau, thiab cov ingots tsuas yog tiaj tus ingots hauv qab no ((310 ~ 400) × 1280 × 4000) mm thiab round ingots hauv qab φ650 mm. Flat ingots (2B16) nrog lub thickness ntawm ntau tshaj 60 hli thiab dav ntawm ntau tshaj 1500 hli, thiab ingots (2B16) nrog ib txoj kab uas hla ntawm ntau tshaj 1500 hli nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm high-end aviation daim ntawv thov tseem tsis tau muaj industrially tsim. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev los tsim tshiab aluminium-lithium alloy tsim, ultra-loj ingot npaj thiab sib sib zog nqus ua technology.
Kub-resistant aluminium alloy
Thaum tshav kub kub-resistant aluminium alloys yog cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb hauv kev lag luam aerospace, tsheb, tsheb thauj mus los, thiab lwm yam los ntawm kev tswj cov ntsiab lus xws li Si, Fe, Ni, Ag, thiab cov av tsis tshua muaj los ua kom cov txhuas alloys tiv taus oxidation thiab nkag siab ntawm qhov kub thiab txias. Cov tsoos tshav kub-resistant aluminium alloys suav nrog: 2519, 2618, 2219, 2D70, thiab lwm yam. Nrog rau txoj kev loj hlob sai ntawm aerospace thiab tsheb lag luam, cov kev xav tau siab dua yog muab tso rau ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob-resistant aluminium alloys. Cov tiam tshiab ntawm cov dav hlau fighter muaj lub siab ceev ceev, thiab kev khiav hauj lwm kub ntawm lub fuselage ntawm daim tawv nqaij yog siab tshaj 150 ° C. Tam sim no, kev siv mus sij hawm ntev ntawm cov kub-resistant aluminium alloys xws li 2618 thiab 2D70 yog qis dua 150 ° C. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb los tsim cov tshiab kub-resistant aluminium alloys.
Al-Sc alloy nrog ultra-low scandium (Sc) cov ntsiab lus
Al-Sc alloy muaj cov khoom zoo xws li lub zog siab, zoo plasticity thiab corrosion kuj, thiab tau dhau los ua ib tiam tshiab ntawm cov khoom siv hnyav rau aerospace, nkoj, thiab lwm yam tom qab Al-Li alloy. Lub zog tensile ntawm Al-Mg alloy uas muaj cov lej ntawm scandium yog 30% siab dua li ntawm 5083 alloy, thiab lub zog tawm los yog ntau dua ob npaug. Nws cov weldability yog piv rau cov pa 5XXX series alloys, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntawm thaj chaw muaj kev kub ntxhov thiab vuam yog kwv yees li ntawm cov matrix, thiab nws cov corrosion kuj yog piv rau 5083 alloy. Hloov 5XXX lossis 6XXX series alloys hauv kev tsim cov khoom siv hauv aerospace tuaj yeem ua tiav qhov hnyav txo qhov hnyav, thiab nws tseem yog cov khoom siv zoo tshaj plaws rau tsheb thiab tsheb ciav hlau. Russia yog nyob rau hauv lub forefront ntawm lub ntiaj teb no nyob rau hauv kev loj hlob ntawm scandium-muaj txhuas alloys, thiab tau tsim Al-Mg-Sc, Al-Mg-Li-Sc, Al-Zn- MgSc, Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Sc, thiab Al-Cu-Mg-Sc alloys nrog ib tug scandium ntsiab lus ntawm 0.18% ~ 0.5%. Txhawm rau txhawb nqa daim ntawv thov ntawm aluminium-scandium alloys hauv aerospace thiab tsheb, Tuam Tshoj Ministry of Industry thiab Information Technology tau teev cov ntawv scandium-muaj aluminium alloys ua ib qho ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tshiab rau kev txhim kho tseem ceeb. Tuam Tshoj yog nplua nuj nyob rau hauv scandium cov kev pab cuam thiab tau ua ib tug high-purity scandium oxide extraction ntau lawm kab, nteg lub hauv paus rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm txhuas-scandium alloys.
500 MPa qib kub stamping aluminium alloy rau tsheb
Tseem muaj qhov khoob hauv kub stamping high-strength aluminium alloy cov ntaub ntawv hauv Suav teb. Kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tshiab thiab kev tsim cov txheej txheem tshiab yog ib qho txiaj ntsig zoo los daws qhov teeb meem ntawm lub zog siab aluminium alloy tsheb qhov chaw tsim. Kev tsom mus rau 7XXX series alloys, nquag tshawb nrhiav 2XXX alloys, thiab tsim 500 MPa qib aluminium alloy cov ntaub ntawv rau kub stamping muaj qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tsim cov khoom siv tsheb zoo li qub.
Aluminium-based composite cov ntaub ntawv
Aluminium-steel multilayer composite phaj: Kev sib txuas zoo ntawm aluminium thiab steel decks tau dhau los ua ib qho ntawm cov kev txwv rau lub teeb yuag ntawm superstructures ntawm cov nkoj loj. Aluminium-steel composite hloov kev sib koom ua ke siv rau kev sib txuas ntawm txhuas thiab hlau hulls muab kev daws teeb meem los hloov cov txheej txheem riveting ib txwm. Honda tau tsim cov hlau thiab txhuas sib koom tshuab uas yuav siv thoob plaws ntiaj teb hauv kev tsim cov tsheb loj. Tam sim no, aluminium-steel composite pob qij txha siv nyob rau hauv Tuam Tshoj yog mas los ntawm txawv teb chaws, nrog ib tug nqi siab li 4 × 10 5 CNY / t. Nrog rau yav tom ntej cov nkoj loj loj, cov vuam kub ntau dua, cov kabmob muaj kev ntxhov siab ntau dua, thiab cov kev sib txuas muaj zog dua yuav tsum muaj rau kev hloov cov pob qij txha, thiab cov kev ua haujlwm siab aluminium-steel pob qij txha yuav tsum tau ceev.
Post lub sij hawm: Mar-08-2025
